Arithmetic (math) has always
been one of the three Rs in school curriculum. Whether in elementary
or high school, math is a rudimentary requirement for all students.
Math starts with the very basics of addition and proceeds onward
to higher level coursework such as calculus. It requires mental,
physical, and visual abilities to perform the mathematical problems.
Many students with disabilities struggle with school work, especially
classes that are related to math. Assistive technology for math has
not been extensively explored or developed within the technology
that is currently available for students. However, for the struggling
student, or physically challenged writer, or visually impaired, there
are some adaptive solutions being produced. Software programs for
the computer as well as special calculators and other solutions are
now available. This article will introduce you to some of the choices;
however, searching the Internet and investigating assistive technology
catalogs will lead you to more adaptive learning solutions.
Physical Solutions
Math
Talk is one option that is helpful to students who can’t
write and need to perform advanced mathematical computations such
as in trigonometry or calculus. When used in conjunction with Dragon
Naturally Speaking, this program lets users speak commands into a
microphone and write the problem on the screen. Derivatives, integrals,
Greek symbols, sine curves, exponentials, series, math symbols, and
much more can be produced by speaking out the equation. This cutting
edge technology is beneficial for any student who has writing issues.
More information is available at www.mathtalk.com.
The
Virtual Pencil is another program that assists students who have
problems writing with pen and paper– everything
can be completed on a keyboard. It features a tutorial that guides
the student through the problems and gives feedback when a mistake
is made. The second level is the test mode where the student or person
completes the problem without the help. There are two different versions
available for algebra, and basic mathematics. You can find out more
at www.hentermath.com.
Yet another option in the wide variety of math assistive technology
is Math Pad. This software is similar to Virtual Pencil, where students
are guided through the problem-solving process. It helps explain the
four basic operations and leads students through each problem. In Math
Pad Plus, fractions and decimals are also available. A product demonstration
is available online at www.intellitools.com. Additionally, this
program has an overlay for those using the IntelliKeys keyboard.
Visual Solutions
There are calculators that talk for individuals with visual limitations.
Texas Instruments has both a standard calculator and a scientific calculator
that speaks each number and operation as they are entered. Calculators
are available with large buttons and display. Graphing calculators
are also available with large display and audio output. Texas Instruments
products can also download information onto a computer.
There is a Braille product known as Braille math for those who know
the basics of Braille writing. In 1965, Abraham Nemeth, a professor
of mathematics at the University of Detroit, published a method of
writing mathematical equations in Braille. The Nemeth Code provides
a conceptual framework for the students experiencing visual impairments
use when transcribing into Braille and solving higher mathematical
equations and scientific notations. It uses linear format, spatial
arrangements and special symbols to convey the meanings. This can be
done using a Perkins Brailler and/or translation software.
LaserLine Graphics are tactile graphics designed for use by individuals
who are blind or have low vision. They are designed to provide clear
and accurate tactile access to complex visual information, with various
pattern fills, line styles, and directional indicators. These tactile
graphics are produced to order, such as Vector-based graphics files
in an XML-based conversion process. Items that can be converted into
tactile graphics include maps, diagrams, flow charts, and educational
materials for use in math and science. These Graphics are available
in many sizes ranging from 11 x 11.5 inches to wall-size foldouts.
The web site which gives information is www.ghbraille.com
Cognitive Solutions
Marvel Math is a program that lets students learn math in a fun environment
with animated characters as their guides. This program has the power
to scan math worksheets or tests and produce the problems in an electronic
format. It is available through www.marvelsoft.com
Attainment Company sells many mathematical concept software products
that teach math problems involving money and time. They are designed
for individuals with lower cognitive skills. Additionally, there are
subject topics such as Math in the Workplace and personnel budget management.
More information can be found at www.attainmentcompany.com.
Learning Drum is an educational toy for teaching the alphabet and
counting skills to children with cognitive or learning disabilities.
As the child taps the drum, letters, numbers, and patterns flash on
its top. The drum has four learning modes (ABC, 123, Interactive Song,
and Follow the Beat). It also has three background melodies and two
drum sounds. Beating the drum to music and lights stimulates the senses
and develops motor skills and awareness of cause and effect. The drum
has a child-size handle and volume control. Check out www.leapfrog.com website for more information and products.
123 and Counting
Whether it is a simple
counting example or solving a quadratic equation, there are products
out there for you to try. The activity being performed needs to
be analyzed to determine the best product. The student’s
ability will progress over time as they learn to enjoy different
math concepts through the years. What works in one curriculum, such
as algebra, may not work in the next succession of math courses,
such as trigonometry and calculus. The individual may need a different
technology option with each grade level. Time is needed to learn
the new technology on top of the coursework, so teachers need to
be patient. In the beginning a student may not be able to complete
work in a timely fashion during the learning curve of the product
and the concepts. It is also important to realize that math is used
outside of math class. Daily bookkeeping, science classes, and trivia
sometimes require the same skills and adaptations. However with these
solutions, students and individuals will become more independent
and soon learn to love working with numbers. It's 123 and onward
from here.
